Analysis of current trends indicates that CBS, while used in other healthcare sectors, does not show the same degree of adoption in pharmacy education, based on some evidence. Previous pharmacy education literature has neglected to address the potential obstacles hindering adoption of these practices. A systematic narrative review was undertaken to explore and discuss obstacles to the integration of CBS in pharmacy practice education, and to suggest methods for their resolution. We investigated five prominent databases and applied the AACODS checklist for the purpose of evaluating grey literature. medicine management From the pool of publications between 2000 and 2022, spanning from January 1st to August 31st, we identified 42 research studies, and 4 grey literature documents that matched the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis, specifically the approach articulated by Braun and Clarke, was the subsequent step. In terms of origin, the included articles were overwhelmingly from Europe, North America, and Australasia. Thematic analysis of the articles, absent explicit discussions of implementation barriers, revealed several potential hurdles, encompassing resistance to change, economic considerations, time limitations, software user-friendliness, accreditation necessities, student enthusiasm and involvement, faculty experience levels, and curriculum design parameters. The initial phase in planning future CBS implementation research within pharmacy education involves mitigating academic, process, and cultural barriers. The analysis reveals that careful planning, collaborative efforts of various stakeholders, and investment in resources and training are essential for effectively overcoming any potential barriers to CBS implementation. To support an evidence-based strategy for preventing user disengagement or feelings of being overwhelmed in either the teaching or learning process, the review stresses the critical need for further research. This also motivates further explorations into the identification of potential roadblocks within varying institutional contexts and geographical areas.

A crucial evaluation of a sequentially-structured drug knowledge pilot program for third-year professional students in a capstone course.
The spring of 2022 marked the implementation of a three-phase pilot study, centered around drug knowledge. Thirteen assessments, encompassing nine low-stakes quizzes, three formative tests, and a culminating comprehensive exam, were completed by the students. find more Examining the pilot (test group)'s outcomes allowed for a comparison with the results of the prior year's cohort (historical control), who solely completed the summative comprehensive exam, in order to assess effectiveness. Developing content for the test group required more than 300 hours of work from the faculty.
The pilot group's mean score on the final competency exam, at 809%, was just one percentage point higher than the control group, who underwent a less rigorous intervention program. An examination of exam scores, excluding students who failed (<73%) the final competency evaluation, revealed no statistically significant variations in the outcome. Analysis of the control group revealed a moderate, statistically significant correlation (r = 0.62) between the scores on the practice drug exam and the final knowledge exam. The study revealed a low correlation (r = 0.24) between the number of low-stakes assessments attempted by the test group and their subsequent final exam scores, when compared against the control group's performance.
The results of this study necessitate a more in-depth investigation into the best methods for assessing drug characteristics using knowledge-based approaches.
Further investigation into best practices for assessing drug characteristics using knowledge-based approaches is suggested by the results of this study.

Retail pharmacists within the community are facing excessive demands and stress levels that have become a significant safety concern within the workplace. A frequently overlooked component of workload stress impacting pharmacists is occupational fatigue. Work-related weariness, or occupational fatigue, is a consequence of excessive demands on personnel, including intensified work requests and limited resources for completing work effectively. The purpose of this study is to portray the subjective perceptions of occupational fatigue in community pharmacists, employing (Aim 1) a previously created Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument and (Aim 2) semi-structured interviews.
Community pharmacists in Wisconsin, participating in a practice-based research network, were eligible for the study. Hereditary thrombophilia A demographic questionnaire, a Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument, and a semi-structured interview were completed by the participants. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the survey data. An examination of the interview transcripts was conducted using qualitative deductive content analysis.
The study participants included a total of 39 pharmacists. The Pharmacist Fatigue Instrument revealed that 50% of participants encountered situations where they were unable to consistently provide care beyond standard protocols on more than half of their workdays. A substantial 30% of the participants reported taking shortcuts in patient care delivery on over half their working days. The analysis of pharmacist interviews revealed distinct themes, including mental fatigue, physical fatigue, active fatigue, and passive fatigue.
The study's findings revealed the pharmacists' profound despair and mental exhaustion, its correlation to their interpersonal relationships, and the intricate nature of pharmacy work systems. Interventions tackling occupational fatigue in community pharmacies should specifically focus on the significant themes of fatigue reported by pharmacists.
The research highlighted the pharmacists' distress and mental fatigue, demonstrating a connection to their interpersonal relationships, and the complex challenges inherent in pharmacy systems. Interventions designed to improve occupational fatigue in community pharmacies should be guided by the key themes of fatigue experienced by pharmacists.

Experiential learning for future pharmacists, guided by preceptors, demands a comprehensive evaluation of preceptor understanding and a precise identification of knowledge gaps to facilitate professional enhancement. This pilot study aimed to evaluate preceptors' exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH), their comfort level in addressing social needs, and their knowledge of social resources within a specific college of pharmacy. Pharmacists affiliated with the program received an online survey, which assessed their frequency of one-on-one patient interactions. Among the 166 preceptor respondents who participated in the survey, 72 eligible preceptors completed it. This yielded a response rate of 305%. The self-reported experience of exposure to social determinants of health (SDOH) grew more pronounced throughout the educational levels, moving from didactic approaches to experiential learning and culminating in the residency stage. Preceptors who earned their degrees after 2016, and whose practice settings encompassed community and clinic environments, with over half of their patients being from underserved populations, demonstrated the utmost comfort in addressing social needs and were most familiar with available social resources. Preceptors' awareness of social determinants of health (SDOH) affects their instructional capability for aspiring pharmacists. By assessing practice site placements and preceptor competence in addressing social needs, pharmacy colleges can ensure all students are exposed to social determinants of health (SDOH) during the entire curriculum. Identifying best practices for upskilling preceptors within this particular area should be a priority.

The objective of this study is to evaluate how pharmacy technicians dispense medications at a Danish hospital's geriatric inpatient ward.
Four pharmacy technicians were provided with training to dispense medications to patients in the geriatric ward environment. Initially, ward nurses documented the time taken to dispense medication and the frequency of disruptions. During the pharmacy technicians' dispensing service period, two similar recordings were made. A questionnaire surveyed ward staff on their experience of the dispensing service's quality. A comparative analysis of reported medication errors was conducted, encompassing the dispensing service period and the equivalent period of the past two years.
With pharmacy technicians performing medication dispensing, the average daily time spent on the task saw a reduction of 14 hours, fluctuating between 33 and 47 hours per day. The daily average of dispensing process interruptions dropped from over 19 occurrences to a mere 2-3 interruptions per day. The nursing staff reported satisfaction with the medication dispensing service, mainly due to the positive effect it had on their workload. A reduced tendency for reporting medication errors was noted.
Time spent on medication dispensing was reduced, and patient safety was enhanced by the pharmacy technicians' medication dispensing service, which minimized interruptions and decreased the occurrence of medication errors.
A decreased time for dispensing medications and improved patient safety, as demonstrated by fewer medication errors and interruptions, resulted from the pharmacy technicians' medication dispensing service.

According to guidelines, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nasal swabs are used for de-escalation in a subset of pneumonia patients. Past research has revealed the reduced effectiveness of MRSA treatments, yielding unsatisfactory results, yet the impact on how long these therapies need to be given to patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction is not well understood. We sought to determine the optimal duration of anti-MRSA treatments in patients displaying a positive MRSA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result, but exhibiting no MRSA growth on bacterial culture. Fifty-two hospitalized adults, on anti-MRSA therapy with positive MRSA PCRs, were the subject of a retrospective, observational study conducted at a single medical center.